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Maxwait Patterns

· 11 min read
Francesco Paladino
Postdoc, UC Berkeley
Shulu Li
Graduate Student, UC Berkeley
Edward A. Lee
Professor at UC Berkeley

Distributed time-sensitive systems must balance consistency (agreement on shared information) and availability (responding within timing bounds). Lingua Franca's decentralized coordination exposes this tradeoff through two attributes: maxwait and absent_after. This post walks through examples from Paladino, Li, and Lee's "Maxwait: A Generalized Mechanism for Distributed Time-Sensitive Systems," showing that many classical distributed coordination strategies and common patterns—Chandy–Misra with or without null messages, ACID/CRDT-style coordination-free execution, optimistic execution with rollback, logical execution time (LET), publish-subscribe, actors, and RPC with futures—amount to choosing appropriate maxwait and absent_after values. See the related LF meeting recording.